A Review on Orchard Management and Cultivation Practices
Shiv Kumar Ahirwar *
Department of Horticulture (Fruit science), College of Agriculture, JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradeh-482004, India.
Deepa Bhatt
Department of Plant Molecular Biology, College of engineering, RVSKVV, Gwalior, Madhya Pradeh -474002, India.
Priyanka Gangele
Department of Agriculture, SKU, Chhatarpur, Madhya Pradeh, India.
Chetna Saktawat
Bhupal Nobels University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.
Anirban Dutta
Assam Agriculture University, Jorhat, Assam, India.
Indrapreet Kaur
College of Agriculture JNKVV, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradeh, India.
Ananya Mishra
Department of Agriculture in Vegetable Science, College of Agriculture and Technology, Bhuvneswar, Odisha, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
An orchard is a space where fruit trees are grown. It includes a variety of resources, including land, water, trees, and several outside inputs. It is important for us to comprehend the proper management of orchards in order to maximize yield while preventing loss of food, fertilizers, manure, and other plant protection agents. As a result, it is important to comprehend how to regulate these output and resource characteristics. For the effective and sustainable production of fruit crops like mango, citrus, pomegranate, banana, guava, ber papaya, sapota, grapes, and others, orchard management is the most crucial cultural instrument. Effective orchard management systems impact fruit quality, output, and development by using best practices in orchard culture, which also preserve moisture, reduce weed competition, and increase nutrient availability. Effective orchard management techniques include clean cultivation, mulching, intercropping, cover crops, clean strips, tillage, clean basin management, green manuring, and the use of herbicides. The following are the orchard floor management strategies for preserving moisture: ridge basin + grass mulch 9.31% > clean basin; black polythene mulch 13.51% > grass mulch 12.38% > ridge basin.
Keywords: Cultural practices, intercropping, orchard management, plant protection chemicals, sod mulch, sustainable cultivation